* WP_Application_Passwords class
* Class for displaying, modifying, and sanitizing application passwords.
#[AllowDynamicProperties]
class WP_Application_Passwords {
* The application passwords user meta key.
const USERMETA_KEY_APPLICATION_PASSWORDS = '_application_passwords';
* The option name used to store whether application passwords are in use.
const OPTION_KEY_IN_USE = 'using_application_passwords';
* The generated application password length.
* Checks if application passwords are being used by the site.
* This returns true if at least one application password has ever been created.
public static function is_in_use() {
$network_id = get_main_network_id();
return (bool) get_network_option( $network_id, self::OPTION_KEY_IN_USE );
* Creates a new application password.
* @since 5.7.0 Returns WP_Error if application name already exists.
* @since 6.8.0 The hashed password value now uses wp_fast_hash() instead of phpass.
* @param int $user_id User ID.
* Arguments used to create the application password.
* @type string $name The name of the application password.
* @type string $app_id A UUID provided by the application to uniquely identify it.
* @return array|WP_Error {
* Application password details, or a WP_Error instance if an error occurs.
* @type string $0 The generated application password in plain text.
* The details about the created password.
* @type string $uuid The unique identifier for the application password.
* @type string $app_id A UUID provided by the application to uniquely identify it.
* @type string $name The name of the application password.
* @type string $password A one-way hash of the password.
* @type int $created Unix timestamp of when the password was created.
* @type null $last_used Null.
* @type null $last_ip Null.
public static function create_new_application_password( $user_id, $args = array() ) {
if ( ! empty( $args['name'] ) ) {
$args['name'] = sanitize_text_field( $args['name'] );
if ( empty( $args['name'] ) ) {
return new WP_Error( 'application_password_empty_name', __( 'An application name is required to create an application password.' ), array( 'status' => 400 ) );
$new_password = wp_generate_password( static::PW_LENGTH, false );
$hashed_password = self::hash_password( $new_password );
'uuid' => wp_generate_uuid4(),
'app_id' => empty( $args['app_id'] ) ? '' : $args['app_id'],
'password' => $hashed_password,
$passwords = static::get_user_application_passwords( $user_id );
$passwords[] = $new_item;
$saved = static::set_user_application_passwords( $user_id, $passwords );
return new WP_Error( 'db_error', __( 'Could not save application password.' ) );
$network_id = get_main_network_id();
if ( ! get_network_option( $network_id, self::OPTION_KEY_IN_USE ) ) {
update_network_option( $network_id, self::OPTION_KEY_IN_USE, true );
* Fires when an application password is created.
* @since 6.8.0 The hashed password value now uses wp_fast_hash() instead of phpass.
* @param int $user_id The user ID.
* @param array $new_item {
* The details about the created password.
* @type string $uuid The unique identifier for the application password.
* @type string $app_id A UUID provided by the application to uniquely identify it.
* @type string $name The name of the application password.
* @type string $password A one-way hash of the password.
* @type int $created Unix timestamp of when the password was created.
* @type null $last_used Null.
* @type null $last_ip Null.
* @param string $new_password The generated application password in plain text.
* Arguments used to create the application password.
* @type string $name The name of the application password.
* @type string $app_id A UUID provided by the application to uniquely identify it.
do_action( 'wp_create_application_password', $user_id, $new_item, $new_password, $args );
return array( $new_password, $new_item );
* Gets a user's application passwords.
* @param int $user_id User ID.
* The list of application passwords.
* @type string $uuid The unique identifier for the application password.
* @type string $app_id A UUID provided by the application to uniquely identify it.
* @type string $name The name of the application password.
* @type string $password A one-way hash of the password.
* @type int $created Unix timestamp of when the password was created.
* @type int|null $last_used The Unix timestamp of the GMT date the application password was last used.
* @type string|null $last_ip The IP address the application password was last used by.
public static function get_user_application_passwords( $user_id ) {
$passwords = get_user_meta( $user_id, static::USERMETA_KEY_APPLICATION_PASSWORDS, true );
if ( ! is_array( $passwords ) ) {
foreach ( $passwords as $i => $password ) {
if ( ! isset( $password['uuid'] ) ) {
$passwords[ $i ]['uuid'] = wp_generate_uuid4();
static::set_user_application_passwords( $user_id, $passwords );
* Gets a user's application password with the given UUID.
* @param int $user_id User ID.
* @param string $uuid The password's UUID.
* The application password if found, null otherwise.
* @type string $uuid The unique identifier for the application password.
* @type string $app_id A UUID provided by the application to uniquely identify it.
* @type string $name The name of the application password.
* @type string $password A one-way hash of the password.
* @type int $created Unix timestamp of when the password was created.
* @type int|null $last_used The Unix timestamp of the GMT date the application password was last used.
* @type string|null $last_ip The IP address the application password was last used by.
public static function get_user_application_password( $user_id, $uuid ) {
$passwords = static::get_user_application_passwords( $user_id );
foreach ( $passwords as $password ) {
if ( $password['uuid'] === $uuid ) {
* Checks if an application password with the given name exists for this user.
* @param int $user_id User ID.
* @param string $name Application name.
* @return bool Whether the provided application name exists.
public static function application_name_exists_for_user( $user_id, $name ) {
$passwords = static::get_user_application_passwords( $user_id );
foreach ( $passwords as $password ) {
if ( strtolower( $password['name'] ) === strtolower( $name ) ) {
* Updates an application password.
* @since 6.8.0 The actual password should now be hashed using wp_fast_hash().
* @param int $user_id User ID.
* @param string $uuid The password's UUID.
* Information about the application password to update.
* @type string $uuid The unique identifier for the application password.
* @type string $app_id A UUID provided by the application to uniquely identify it.
* @type string $name The name of the application password.
* @type string $password A one-way hash of the password.
* @type int $created Unix timestamp of when the password was created.
* @type int|null $last_used The Unix timestamp of the GMT date the application password was last used.
* @type string|null $last_ip The IP address the application password was last used by.
* @return true|WP_Error True if successful, otherwise a WP_Error instance is returned on error.
public static function update_application_password( $user_id, $uuid, $update = array() ) {
$passwords = static::get_user_application_passwords( $user_id );
foreach ( $passwords as &$item ) {
if ( $item['uuid'] !== $uuid ) {
if ( ! empty( $update['name'] ) ) {
$update['name'] = sanitize_text_field( $update['name'] );
if ( ! empty( $update['name'] ) && $item['name'] !== $update['name'] ) {
$item['name'] = $update['name'];
$saved = static::set_user_application_passwords( $user_id, $passwords );
return new WP_Error( 'db_error', __( 'Could not save application password.' ) );
* Fires when an application password is updated.
* @since 6.8.0 The password is now hashed using wp_fast_hash() instead of phpass.
* Existing passwords may still be hashed using phpass.
* @param int $user_id The user ID.
* The updated application password details.
* @type string $uuid The unique identifier for the application password.
* @type string $app_id A UUID provided by the application to uniquely identify it.
* @type string $name The name of the application password.
* @type string $password A one-way hash of the password.
* @type int $created Unix timestamp of when the password was created.
* @type int|null $last_used The Unix timestamp of the GMT date the application password was last used.
* @type string|null $last_ip The IP address the application password was last used by.
* @param array $update The information to update.
do_action( 'wp_update_application_password', $user_id, $item, $update );
return new WP_Error( 'application_password_not_found', __( 'Could not find an application password with that id.' ) );
* Records that an application password has been used.
* @param int $user_id User ID.
* @param string $uuid The password's UUID.
* @return true|WP_Error True if the usage was recorded, a WP_Error if an error occurs.
public static function record_application_password_usage( $user_id, $uuid ) {
$passwords = static::get_user_application_passwords( $user_id );
foreach ( $passwords as &$password ) {
if ( $password['uuid'] !== $uuid ) {
// Only record activity once a day.
if ( $password['last_used'] + DAY_IN_SECONDS > time() ) {
$password['last_used'] = time();
$password['last_ip'] = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
$saved = static::set_user_application_passwords( $user_id, $passwords );
return new WP_Error( 'db_error', __( 'Could not save application password.' ) );
// Specified application password not found!
return new WP_Error( 'application_password_not_found', __( 'Could not find an application password with that id.' ) );
* Deletes an application password.
* @param int $user_id User ID.
* @param string $uuid The password's UUID.
* @return true|WP_Error Whether the password was successfully found and deleted, a WP_Error otherwise.
public static function delete_application_password( $user_id, $uuid ) {
$passwords = static::get_user_application_passwords( $user_id );
foreach ( $passwords as $key => $item ) {
if ( $item['uuid'] === $uuid ) {
unset( $passwords[ $key ] );
$saved = static::set_user_application_passwords( $user_id, $passwords );
return new WP_Error( 'db_error', __( 'Could not delete application password.' ) );
* Fires when an application password is deleted.
* @param int $user_id The user ID.
* @param array $item The data about the application password.
do_action( 'wp_delete_application_password', $user_id, $item );
return new WP_Error( 'application_password_not_found', __( 'Could not find an application password with that id.' ) );
* Deletes all application passwords for the given user.
* @param int $user_id User ID.
* @return int|WP_Error The number of passwords that were deleted or a WP_Error on failure.
public static function delete_all_application_passwords( $user_id ) {
$passwords = static::get_user_application_passwords( $user_id );
$saved = static::set_user_application_passwords( $user_id, array() );
return new WP_Error( 'db_error', __( 'Could not delete application passwords.' ) );
foreach ( $passwords as $item ) {
/** This action is documented in wp-includes/class-wp-application-passwords.php */
do_action( 'wp_delete_application_password', $user_id, $item );
return count( $passwords );
* Sets a user's application passwords.
* @param int $user_id User ID.
* @param array $passwords {
* The list of application passwords.
* @type string $uuid The unique identifier for the application password.
* @type string $app_id A UUID provided by the application to uniquely identify it.
* @type string $name The name of the application password.
* @type string $password A one-way hash of the password.
* @type int $created Unix timestamp of when the password was created.
* @type int|null $last_used The Unix timestamp of the GMT date the application password was last used.
* @type string|null $last_ip The IP address the application password was last used by.
* @return int|bool User meta ID if the key didn't exist (ie. this is the first time that an application password
* has been saved for the user), true on successful update, false on failure or if the value passed
* is the same as the one that is already in the database.
protected static function set_user_application_passwords( $user_id, $passwords ) {
return update_user_meta( $user_id, static::USERMETA_KEY_APPLICATION_PASSWORDS, $passwords );
* Sanitizes and then splits a password into smaller chunks.
* @param string $raw_password The raw application password.
* @return string The chunked password.
public static function chunk_password(
$raw_password = preg_replace( '/[^a-z\d]/i', '', $raw_password );
return trim( chunk_split( $raw_password, 4, ' ' ) );
* Hashes a plaintext application password.
* @param string $password Plaintext password.
* @return string Hashed password.
public static function hash_password(
return wp_fast_hash( $password );
* Checks a plaintext application password against a hashed password.
* @param string $password Plaintext password.
* @param string $hash Hash of the password to check against.
* @return bool Whether the password matches the hashed password.
public static function check_password(
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